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Border security ensures sustainable development of a state. Pakistan has the longest border with Afghanistan known as “Durand Line.“ The borderland is rugged, mountainous and porous unable to control the transition of people across the frontier. Both countries are having a history of strained relations but in the past forty years, there were two mass migrations of Afghan people to Pakistan.

Ladies and gentlemen it is nice to see you. Unfortunately, Covid 19 prevents us from getting together in real. Fortunately, we have the high communications technology at our disposal to continue to do business as usual.

The report has aimed at examining the impact, based on data, of the trade between China and Turkey on the Turkey’s export to and trade with other countries,

Introduction: The Conceptualisation of Terrorism The concept of security historically based on the emergence of human society is also an ambiguity concept both in International Relations discipline and in daily usage. On the one hand while discussions about defining and specifying of the scope of the concept is continuing, on the other hand it is frequently

This is hard to materialize the perpetual peace by Kantian dream. It needs a lot of transparency, a whole gamut of committed political leadership and a collective will for a lasting peace. The problem with ethnic conflicts, especially centered on self-determination, is that they last for decades. Moreover,

• Is Donald Trump trying to move the focus away to something else from the pandemic? • What are the discourses of US and Chinese politics that feed the pandemic accusations? • What policy does the WHO implement between US and China?

In the relations that have reached the” strategic partnership " stage, it is important for Turkey to observe the activities of actors such as the USA and EU, especially China, in the continent with sensitivity and to develop its strategic policies with an open reflex to multilateral negotiations. The third of Turkey - Africa Defence Security and Aerospace Forum

The China advocates an authoritarian liberal policy in the administration of the communist party, far from democracy, human rights and a western-style government. On the other hand, China, which is fully integrated with the world, is increasing its presence in the regions it chooses such as Africa and Middle East and North Africa. Keywords: China, Middle East, North Africa, Military, Economic Power, Diplomacy, Soft Power

2nd Turkey - Africa Defence Security and Space Forum was held in the CVK Park Bosphorus Hotel, Istanbul on the date of 07-08 November 2019 as a sub-event of the Istanbul Security Conference titled “New World Architecture of Economy and Security” with the main theme of “African Architecture of Security, and Turkey” under the coordinatorship of TASAM African Institute and National Defence and Security Institute (NDSI).